The Confederate Navy needed a new plan, and with limited resources only a few places could be adequately defended. Both ports were defended by guns that were out-ranged by the Union Navy. The Union Navy waltzed into Port Royal, South Carolina, steamed past the Confederate guns at Fort Hatteras, and took control of the North Carolina sounds. The navy designed by Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephen Mallory was not built to break the blockade, but for “desperate and unequal battle to protect land against sea.” 2 This battle began poorly. The Confederate Navy is considered a failure by popular belief because the Southern fleet was unable to break the Union blockade. Sea control does not mean that the enemy will not be able to raid SLOCs, but rather those raids will not have a decisive impact on the war. One does not need to control the sea to deny it to an adversary. Sea control means controlling the sea lines of communications (SLOCs) one side needs to maintain while fighting to deny that control to the adversary. Maritime strategist and theorist Julian Corbett divided the concept of sea control between local or general, temporary or permanent. The Confederate States Navy provides an excellent example of an under-industrialized innovative underdog struggling to defend itself against an industrial juggernaut.ĭuring the “War Between the States,” also known as the American Civil War, the Union Navy held as close to permanent general sea control for the duration but the Confederate Navy waged an effective campaign to deny sea control in the littorals of key port cities. as both a dominant power as well as an underdog. ![]() has fewer shipyards and its rivals may have greater industrial capacity. ![]() way of war must innovate beyond the Second World War strategy of out-producing adversaries, since the U.S. faces renewed global competition, and conventional and asymmetric naval threats.
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